The immune system plays a central role in how the body responds to tissue injury, infection, and inflammation. Amniotic tissue has been studied for its reported immunomodulatory properties, and AlphaFlo®, as a cryopreserved canine amniotic tissue allograft, contains naturally occurring factors that the scientific literature associates with immune regulation.
This post takes a closer look at those factors and what the published literature says about their roles in tissue biology.
MCP-1 — Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
MCP-1 is a chemokine, a type of signaling protein, that plays a role in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. It is reported in the scientific literature to be involved in the regulation of monocyte and macrophage activity, both of which are key players in the inflammatory and tissue repair process.3
The presence of MCP-1 in amniotic tissue is part of the broader immunomodulatory profile that has made amniotic tissue allografts a subject of interest in regenerative medicine research. As a component of AlphaFlo®, MCP-1 is present as part of the naturally occurring biological profile of canine amniotic tissue.
IL-2 — Interleukin-2
IL-2 is a cytokine that plays an important role in the growth and activation of T-cells, which are central to the adaptive immune response. It is reported in the scientific literature to support immune regulation and response, making it a factor of interest in regenerative medicine research.3
Like MCP-1, IL-2 is a naturally occurring component of amniotic tissue and is present in AlphaFlo® as part of its native biological composition.
IL-15 — Interleukin-15
IL-15 is a naturally occurring immunomodulatory cytokine involved in regulating immune response. It has been reported in the scientific literature to be present in human placental and amniotic tissue throughout gestation, where it plays a role in immune cell signaling and regulation.1,2
IL-15 is a naturally occurring component of amniotic tissue and is present in AlphaFlo®. It is one of the naturally occurring immunomodulatory factors present in every vial.
The Role of the Extracellular Matrix
In addition to individual cytokines and proteins, AlphaFlo® contains extracellular matrix proteins that are naturally found in amniotic tissue. The extracellular matrix provides structural support for tissues and plays a role in cell signaling and tissue organization. These components are preserved in AlphaFlo® through the manufacturing process.
AlphaFlo® does not claim specific clinical outcomes. MCP-1, IL-2, and IL-15 are naturally occurring components of canine amniotic tissue and are present in AlphaFlo®. Clinical decisions regarding the use of AlphaFlo® are made at the discretion of the attending veterinarian.
Want to go deeper on the science behind AlphaFlo®? Reserve a complimentary Lunch and Learn with our Chief Scientific Officer.
See how veterinarians across the country are incorporating AlphaFlo® into their care plans: https://alphaflocanine.com/category/case-study/
Key Takeaway
AlphaFlo® contains immunomodulatory factors including MCP-1, IL-2, and IL-15 that help coordinate immune system communication.
MCP-1 plays a role in recruiting immune cells to areas of tissue activity, while IL-2 supports T-cell growth and activation and IL-15 is involved in regulating immune response.
These factors are naturally present in canine amniotic tissue and are preserved in AlphaFlo® through the manufacturing process, which is designed to maintain the biological characteristics of the native tissue.
The immunomodulatory profile of AlphaFlo® is one component of a broader biological picture that also includes anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenic factors naturally found in canine amniotic tissue.
Immunomodulatory Factors in AlphaFlo®
| Factor | Full Name | Primary Function | Why It Matters |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 | Recruits immune cells to areas of tissue activity | Helps coordinate normal immune system communication. |
| IL-2 | Interleukin-2 | Supports T-cell growth and activation | Plays an important role in immune regulation and response. |
| IL-15 | Interleukin-15 | Naturally occurring immunomodulatory cytokine involved in regulating immune response | Helps regulate immune system balance and communication. |
References
- Agarwal R, Loganath A, Roy AC, Wong YC, Ng SC. Expression profiles of interleukin 15 in early and late gestational human placenta and in pre-eclamptic placenta. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001;7(1):97-101.
- Klimkiewicz-Blok D, Florjański J, Zalewski J, Blok R. Analysis of the concentrations of interleukin 15 in amniotic fluid in the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012;21(1):75-79.
- McQuilling JP, Vines JB, Kimmerling KA, Mowry KC. Proteomic Comparison of Amnion and Chorion and Evaluation of the Effects of Processing on Placental Membranes. Wounds. 2017;29(6):E36-E40.